Abstract—This article aims at reflecting on the operational, administrative, and financial difficulties faced by Brazilian municipalities to implement the guidelines of the National Solid Waste Policy-NSWP, established as of edition of Federal Law 12.305/10. Most of the Brazilian municipalities do not bear a structure capable of enabling effective management of its urban solid waste, including its environmental, social, and economic aspects. Thus, municipal administrations have to seek viable alternatives from an administrative point of view for effective implementation of these guidelines. The alternatives must take into account possible partnerships with neighbouring municipalities and private sector.