Abstract— Occupational health and safety in the construction industry have always been questioned due to the unpleasant rates of accidents, which results in injuries and sometimes death. All responsible bodies in the area of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) are keened in providing safe and healthy working environments for construction labors. Governments and private institutes established OHS regulatory frameworks. However, the main challenge was related to what degree construction companies are following it. This research was conducted to evaluate the OHS practices in small and medium construction companies in Oman. OHS practices of ten construction companies in Oman from two different governorates were investigated. The results showed that the degree of implementation of the OHS regulatory framework was different from one company to another. The majority of the companies did not provide simple exposure prevention equipment and failed to provide OHS guidance board at their construction sites.