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Study of Ramie Fiber (Boehmeria nivea L.) into Electric Double Layer Capacitor Material by Using Ammonia (NH3) Gas in Pyrolysis Process

Regia Puspitasari 1, Audie Rahmani Awali 2, and Nanik Indayaningsih 3
1. Chemical Engineering Department, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
2. Electrical Engineering Department, Nopember Institute of Technology, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
3. Research Centre of Physics, Indonesia Science Institute, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15310, Indonesia

Abstract—A novel green electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) has been successfully made from carbonized ramie fiber using a single step method with ammonia gas (NH3). Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) is fiber crops which has excellent fiber characteristics and high cellulose content that abundantly planted in the world including Indonesia, China, India, Japan, and South America. The use of chemical batteries cause thermal runaway and danger disposal, EDLC is the alternative. In this research, first ramie fiber was degummed to obtain pure cellulose. Pyrolysis of celluloses was conducted at temperature of 800oC for 2 hours under the nitrogen or nitrogen followed by ammonia gases. The surface area was determined using the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET). The electrodes were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrodes were arranged into EDLC sheets with addition of Na2SO4. The electrochemical properties were determined with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The result shown that the surface area of carbon using N2in its pyrolysis process is 119m2/g, while that of NH3is 144m2/g. The obtained capacitance of the material is 0.27mF/g and exhibited a high stability in cyclic test (charge-discharge).
 
Index Terms—ammonia, carbon, capacitor, electrode, etchant, ramie

Cite: Regia Puspitasari, Audie Rahmani Awali, and Nanik Indayaningsih, "Study of Ramie Fiber (Boehmeria nivea L.) into Electric Double Layer Capacitor Material by Using Ammonia (NH3) Gas in Pyrolysis Process," International Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering Research, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 19-23, February 2017. doi: 10.18178/ijscer.6.1.19-23