Abstract—Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) and their applications in various fields have been known for decades. The application of SMAs in civil engineering is limited and the research is still in the pioneer phase. This paper presents the applications of SMAs in structural engineering, focused on the rehabilitation and seismic retrofit of monuments as well as their Shape Memory Effect (SME) in structures. A comparison between conventional Nitinol (NiTi) SMAs and their lower cost iron-based counterparts has also been highlighted, to determine the extent of their practical applications based on key properties that have undergone prior research. Also stated is the contrast between reinforcement grade steel and SMAs, and consequently the advantages of both, including the discussion of possible solutions to overcome their limitations. Finally, based on existing paradigms, potential regions where SMAs can be utilized to conserve cultural heritage structures have also been mentioned.